Modern critical infrastructures encompass facilities and systems vital to societal functions, in sectors such as health, transportation, food and energy. The matter of security in critical infrastructures, particularly renewable energy assets, is increasingly important nowadays in the context of extreme weather events and natural hazards, as it translates to safety threats and green energy production impediments. Focusing on wind farms, their strategic deployment in areas with favorable wind conditions has the potential to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions, limit the reliance on fossil fuels and mitigate the impacts of climate change. This paper presents the framework of a risk assessment approach for on-shore wind farms, focusing on their vulnerability to extreme weather and environmental phenomena, including lightning strikes, ice formation, seismic activity, floods, high winds, and hurricanes. The framework identifies the most significant risks threatening onshore wind farms and their impacts, while simultaneously conducting a risk assessment that considers specific parameters such as the likelihood, frequency and severity of the risks. These elements will form the basis for evaluating the effects on the operation and overall performance of the energy system. At the same time, existing risk mitigation strategies that have been effectively implemented are proposed, aiming to further enhance the safety and resilience of wind farms. This work stresses the importance of risk-informed decision-making in safeguarding critical renewable energy infrastructures against the increasing frequency and severity of extreme natural events. While this paper covers the design aspects of risk assessment, the conclusions and products of this research contribute to a broader framework of an ongoing project concerning the development of an on-shore wind farm digital twin, which will facilitate real-time monitoring and control
